Krushinsky, A. A. The Works of Yan Fu and the Problem of Translation (Tvorchestvo Yan Fu i problema perevoda), 1989. In Russian.

Крушинский А. А. Творчество Янь Фу и проблема перевода. / АН СССР, Институт востоковедения.
Москва : Наука. Главная редакция восточной литературы, 1989.
111 с. Мягкая издательская обложка, обычный формат (22 см). Тираж 1400 экз.
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Krushinsky, A. A. The Works of Yan Fu and the Problem of Translation (Tvorchestvo Yan Fu i problema perevoda). / USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oriental Studies.
Moscow : Nauka. Main Editorial Board of Oriental Literature, 1989.
111 pp. Softcover, standard format (22 cm). Print run: 1,400 copies. In Russian.

This 1989 monograph by Andrey Krushinsky, published under the auspices of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences, is a profound scholarly investigation into the intellectual bridge between China and the West at the turn of the 20th century. The book centers on the life and legacy of Yan Fu (1854–1921), the towering scholar and translator who introduced Western social, political, and scientific thought to China.
Krushinsky analyzes Yan Fu not merely as a translator, but as a philosopher who had to reinvent the Chinese language to accommodate concepts like evolution, liberalism, and sociology. The book focuses on Yan Fu's famous "Three Challenges" of translation: Faithfulness (xin), Expressiveness (da), and Elegance (ya). Through this prism, Krushinsky explores how the translation of works by Thomas Huxley, Adam Smith, and Herbert Spencer catalyzed a radical shift in the Chinese worldview and paved the way for modern Chinese political thought.
The work also delves into the deeper semiotic and cultural conflicts inherent in translating Western philosophical systems into a language rooted in classical Confucian traditions. Krushinsky examines the "logic of translation" as a tool of cultural synthesis, providing a critical assessment of how Yan Fu's linguistic choices influenced the ideological development of late Qing and early Republican China.
With a very limited print run of only 1,400 copies, this academic edition was intended for specialists in Sinology, the history of philosophy, and translation theory. For orientalists, historians of China, and collectors of scholarly rare books, this volume remains a key text for understanding the cross-cultural dialogue that shaped modern East Asia.