Bernstein, S. N. Theory of Probability (Teoriya veroyatnostey), 1934. In Russian.

Бернштейн С. Н.
Теория вероятностей.
Москва — Ленинград : ОНТИ — Государственное технико-теоретическое издательство, 1934.
412 с. : ил. ; Обычный формат. Твердый тканевый издательский переплет. Тираж 10 000 экз. Издание третье, стереотипное.
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Bernstein, Sergei.
Theory of Probability.
Moscow — Leningrad : ONTI — State Technical-Theoretical Publishing House, 1934.
412 pp. : ill. ; Regular format. Original publisher’s cloth binding. Edition of 10,000 copies. Third edition, stereotyped. In Russian.

This 1934 volume is a foundational work in the history of modern mathematics, written by the legendary Academician Sergei Natanovich Bernstein. Having received his education in Paris and Göttingen under the tutelage of Picard, Hilbert, and Hadamard, Bernstein brought a rigorous European formalization to the Soviet mathematical school. This third edition of his Theory of Probability remains a critical primary source, as it was in this work that Bernstein proposed one of the first axiomatic systems for the theory of probability, pre-dating the Kolmogorov axioms. The text provides a deep dive into the internal logic of stochastic processes, including the arrangement of the law of large numbers, the central limit theorem, and the introduction of Bernstein's inequality. His approach uniquely bridges the gap between classical analysis and the emerging constructive theory of functions, for which he is internationally renowned.
Across its 412 pages, the book demonstrates the profound influence of Hilbert's 19th problem on Bernstein’s thought, applying analytical methods to the solution of complex probabilistic boundary tasks. The volume features the specific "stereotyped" layout of the 1934 ONTI edition, bound in a durable cloth publisher's binding designed for long-term academic use. As a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and a key figure in the Kharkov and Moscow mathematical circles, Bernstein's pedagogical style in this manual influenced generations of Soviet scientists. For collectors of scientific rarities and historians of mathematics, this book is a vital artifact of the pre-war era, documenting the moment when probability theory transitioned from a branch of empirical observation to a rigorous discipline of pure mathematics. It stands as a sophisticated testament to the legacy of a man whose polynomials and analytical theorems continue to be utilized across diverse scientific fields today.